Addition Mutation

Addition Mutation

                      http://islaslab.wikispaces.com/MutatioshowComments=1

What is it?

One or more nucleotide is 

inserted into a DNA sequence.

also referred to as frameshift mutation. adding in a nitrogen base

Mutation is any change in the DNA Sequence.

How do we get these mutations 

-Spontaneous

http://images.slideplayer.com/24/6927325/slides/slide_5.jpg

3 Type of DNA Mutations

-Substitution

-Addition

-Deletion

Symbiotic Relationship Mutualism

Symbiotic Relationship Mutualism
What is it?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis

Two different organisms benefit from one another by working together. Example sea anemone and the clownfish and there are three different types of symbiotic relationships called mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

https://sites.google.com/a/westcta.ccsd.net/everglades-national-park-1/symbiotic-relationships

Homeostasis- Alexis Rodrigues

Homeostasis 

• Homeostasis is the regulation of conditions in the body such as temperature, water content and carbon dioxide levels. Diabetes is a condition where the body cannot regulate its blood glucose levels. 

• The concept of homeostasis is widely used, in physiology and psychology, to identify what seems to be a general attribute of living organisms: the tendency to maintain and restore certain steady states or conditions of the organism.

•  Homeostasis, from the Greek words for "same" and "steady," refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival.

• Homeostasis has found useful applications in the social sciences. It refers to how a person under conflicting stresses and motivations can maintain a stable psychological condition

Reflection

I learned how homeostasis is very important. It allows you to know the condition in the body. 

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-homeostasis/

Mutation Deletion

In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) is a mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication. Any number of nucleotides can be deleted, from a single base to an entire piece of chromosome. I learned that deletion can cause serious genetic diseases and it is not just an A,C,G or T being deleted on a  piece of paper. This objective was boring, but informing so I appreciate it. I can use this outside of biology a lot. Now if I hear it, I will know what they’re talking about.  ~Deyante

Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis is the creation of proteins from amino acids inside a cell. There are many steps to protein synthesis, which begins in the nucleus and ultimately finishes in the ribosomes.


http://www.s-cool.co.uk/assets/learn_its/alevel/biology/dna-and-the-genetic-code/dna-and-protein-synthesis/a-bio-DNA_protein-dia0o.gif

Above is a diagram showing the process of Protein Synthesis. But I'll go more into detail on the process.

First the DNA, inside the nucleus, produces an identical copy of itself in a process called replication. This copy is created specifically for mRNA to read. The mRNA reads the bases of the DNA and codes them into RNA in a process called transcription. It gives these RNA codons to tRNA, which exits the nucleus and takes them to the ribosomes to become proteins. Once it reaches the ribosomes, rRNA appears and reads these codons, turning them into the amino acids that they code for. These amino acids join together to build specific kinds of proteins that the cell needs.

I did not know anything about Protein synthesis before this class. I didn't even know it existed or that cells did it. This class has taught me a lot about protein synthesis.

Dominant Traits

Dominant trait a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it. In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only form of the trait will appear in the next generation. All heterozygous & express only the dominant trait.  Mendel called the observed trait dominant and the one that disappeared recessive. Dominant alleles are symbolized with a capital letter. 

Dominant traits were very simple for me to learn. It was harder for other people. I just had to think that dominant is top and it was easier to understand punnet squares and other ways of figuring out what is dominant and what is not. Once you learn dominant traits and understand them you will be able to understand everything else more clearly. 

Aerobic Energy Production

Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration requires energy and uses mostly energy, which is also called ATP. Without aerobic respiration, we would be able unable to breath. Aerobic respiration is produced by photosynthesis and is a reactant of cellular respiration. 

Formula for Aerobic Respiration

The formula for Aerobic Respiration is written as glucose (sugar) plus oxygen equals water, carbon dioxide and ATP (energy).

Reflection

I learned and realized how important aerobic respiration. Every time we breath, we use aerobic respiration. Our respiration is in our Mitochondria. I already knew that aerobic respiration required energy.